yum 간단한 사용법

출처 : http://www.lug.or.kr/home/bbs/board.php?bo_table=centos_book&wr_id=93

yum은 CentOS(페도라, 레드햇 엔터프라이즈)의 원격 업데이트툴이다.

1. 업데이트할 목록을 보려면?

# yum list updates

2. 업데이트 목록을 다운로드하고, 업데이트를 설치하려면?

# yum update -y

3. 설치된 rpm 패키지 목록을 보려면?

# rpm -qa

# yum list installed

4. gcc 패키지가 설치되어 있는지 확인 하려면?

# rpm -qa | grep gcc

# yum list installed gcc

5. gcc 패키지를 설치하려면?

# yum install gcc gcc-c++

6. gcc 패키지를 업데이트 하려면?

# yum update gcc gcc-c++

7. 패키지 이름으로 검색하려면?

# yum list 패키지명

# yum list 정규식

# yum list gcc

# yum list gcc*

8. 여러개의 패키지를 설치하려면?

# yum install gcc gcc-c++

9. 패키지를 삭제하려면?

# yum remove gcc gcc-c++

10. 설치가 가능한 모든 패키지를 보려면?

# yum list all

11. 패키지 그룹을 보려면?

# yum grouplist

[root@localhost ~]# yum grouplist

Loading "fastestmirror" plugin

Setting up Group Process

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

 * rpmforge: fr2.rpmfind.net

 * base: centos.mirror.cdnetworks.com

 * updates: centos.mirror.cdnetworks.com

 * addons: centos.mirror.cdnetworks.com

 * extras: centos.mirror.cdnetworks.com

Installed Groups:

   Office/Productivity

   Editors

   System Tools

   Text-based Internet

   GNOME Desktop Environment

   Dialup Networking Support

   FTP Server

   Network Servers

   Games and Entertainment

   Java

   X Window System

   Graphics

   Web Server

   Printing Support

   Mail Server

   Server Configuration Tools

   Sound and Video

   Administration Tools

   Yum Utilities

   Graphical Internet

Available Groups:

   Tomboy

   Cluster Storage

   Engineering and Scientific

   MySQL Database

   Development Libraries

   Beagle

   GNOME Software Development

   X Software Development

   Virtualization

   Legacy Network Server

   DNS Name Server

   Authoring and Publishing

   Base

   Mono

   XFCE-4.4

   Legacy Software Development

   Clustering

   Java Development

   OpenFabrics Enterprise Distribution

   Emacs

   Legacy Software Support

   Ruby

   Windows File Server

   KDE Software Development

   KDE (K Desktop Environment)

   Horde

   PostgreSQL Database

   News Server

   Development Tools

   FreeNX and NX

Done

[root@localhost ~]#

12. 그룹 패키지를 모두 설치하려면?

# yum groupinstall "Development Tools"

13. 그룹 패키지를 업데이트 하려면?

# yum groupupdate "Development Tools"

14. 그룹 패키지를 삭제하려면?

# yum groupremove "Development Tools"

15. 아키텍처를 지정하여 설치하려면?

# yum install mysql.i386

16. 파일을 가지고 있는 패키지명을 알려면?

# rpm -qf /etc/passwd

# yum whatprovides /etc/passwd

17. 맨페이지를 보려면?

# man yum

18. yum fastestmirror 패키지를 설치하면 yum 미러 서버중 속도가 빠른 서버를 자동으로 찾아서 연결해 준다.

yum fastestmirror 패키지는 yum을 사용하여 아래와 같이 설치한다.

Cent OS 4.X 

# yum install yum-plugin-fastestmirror -y

Cent OS 5.X 

# yum install yum-fastestmirror -y

19. rpmforge 저장소 사용하기

기본제공 rpm이외의 추가적인 rpm 패키지를 사용하고자 한다면 rpmforge를 이용하라.

rpmforge 저장소를 사용하기 위한 rpm 설치

RHEL / CentOS

 TIP For CentOS Yum users there is a very good document on how to enable RPMforge safely using the Yum priorities plugin

RHEL5 / CentOS-5

i386: http://packages.sw.be/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.el5.rf.i386.rpm

x86_64: http://packages.sw.be/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm

RHEL4 / CentOS-4

i386: http://packages.sw.be/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.el4.rf.i386.rpm

x86_64: http://packages.sw.be/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.el4.rf.x86_64.rpm

RHEL3 / CentOS-3

i386: http://packages.sw.be/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.el3.rf.i386.rpm

x86_64: http://packages.sw.be/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.el3.rf.x86_64.rpm

RHEL2.1 / CentOS-2

i386: http://packages.sw.be/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.el2.rf.i386.rpm

Red Hat Linux

Red Hat 9

i386: http://packages.sw.be/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.rh9.rf.i386.rpm

Red Hat 7.3

i386: http://packages.sw.be/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.rh7.rf.i386.rpm

위의 rpm 파일중 자신에게 맞는 배포판의 패키지를 다운로드 하고 설치한다.

** CentOS 5.x 버전이라면..(CentOS 5.0, 5.1, 5.2) **

# lftpget http://packages.sw.be/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.el5.rf.i386.rpm

# rpm -ivh rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.el5.rf.i386.rpm

[root@localhost ~]# yum search lighttpd

Loading "fastestmirror" plugin

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

 * rpmforge: mirror.cpsc.ucalgary.ca

 * base: mirror.tini4u.net

 * updates: mirror.tini4u.net

 * addons: mirror.tini4u.net

 * extras: mirror.tini4u.net

Excluding Packages in global exclude list

Finished

lighttpd-mod_mysql_vhost.i386 : Virtual host module for lighttpd that uses a MySQL database

lighttpd.i386 : Lightning fast webserver with light system requirements

lighttpd-fastcgi.i386 : FastCGI module and spawning helper for lighttpd and PHP configuration

lighttpd.i386 : Lightning fast webserver with light system requirements

lighttpd-fastcgi.i386 : FastCGI module and spawning helper for lighttpd and PHP configuration

lighttpd-mod_mysql_vhost.i386 : Virtual host module for lighttpd that uses a MySQL database

lighttpd.i386 : Lightning fast webserver with light system requirements

lighttpd-fastcgi.i386 : FastCGI module and spawning helper for lighttpd and PHP configuration

lighttpd-fastcgi.i386 : FastCGI module and spawning helper for lighttpd and PHP configuration

lighttpd.i386 : Lightning fast webserver with light system requirements

lighttpd-mod_mysql_vhost.i386 : Virtual host module for lighttpd that uses a MySQL database

[root@localhost ~]#